Liquid-heating apparatus.



No. 883,339. PATENTED MAR. 31, 1908.

A. T. PFEIFP.

LIQUID HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION rum) HAYS. 1907.

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Wibzessaf fiw mbr ALEXANDER THEODOR PFEIFF, OE STOGKHOLM, S WEDEN.

LIQUID-HEATING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 31, 1908.

Application filed May 3, 1907. Serial No. 371,660.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER THEO- DOR PFEIFF, a citizen of the Kingdom of Sweden, residing at Stockholm, Sweden, have invented new and useful Improvements in Liquid-Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a liquid heating apparatus of the kind in which a number of heating elements arranged one around the 1 other form between them a channel of V- shaped cross-section for the liquid to be heated. In apparatus of the said kind heretofore known the heating elements are cylindrical which causes several disadvantages. It is, for instance very difficult to have the liquid pass uniformly through the apparatus. If the outlet is provided at one or more points of the circumference of the a paratus, the several particles of the liquid wi l have to pass ways of very different length in order to reach the outlet and the result is a uniform heating of the liquid. If the outlet is arranged as an overfall it is necessary on account of the great extension of the apparatus in horizontal direction to adjust the apparatus very accurately in order to obtain a uniform flow of the liquid through the apparatus. A further disadvantage is that the expansion of the liquid in the inlet branch of the said V-shaped channel cannot be revented by the inflowing liquid, inasmuc as the latter, which in order to be uniformly supplied to the apparatus must be spread over a comparatively large surface, comes into the inlet branch of the V-shaped channel in the form of a thin layer which does not fill the cross section of the channel.

The object of the present invention is to remove the said disadvantages, and my in- .vention consists, principally, in that the heating elements and thus also the V-shaped channel taper upwards so that the inlet as well as the outlet are given the smallest extension possible in horizontal direction. The result therefrom will be firstly that a uniform admission of the liquid to the apparatus is obtained without any special arrangements, secondly that the infiowing liquid on account of the small cross sectional area of the V-shaped channel at the inlet end thereof, fills the whole channel at said end and thereby prevents the liquid from expandin out from the inlet branch of the channel, ant thirdl that the apparatus need not be adjusted in the horizontal plane with the same accuracy as apparatus heretofore known in order that the liquid may flow uniformly through the apparatus.

A further advantage of the present invention is that the liquid on account of the circumstance that the cross sectional area of the V-shaped channel is continually increasing and decreasing will make rotary or whirling motions while flowing through the appara tus, said motions accelerating the uniform heating of the liquid.

In the accompanying drawing I have shown an embodiment of my invention in vertical section.

Referring to the drawing, the apparatus is supported by a base 0., which in the usual manner is provided with set-screws b for adjusting the apparatus horizontally. On the frame 0 of the base a is provided a base (1 to which is secured a conical mantle 6 closed at the top and. constituting together with the base (Z the innermost heating element. Through the base at is inserted a steam pipe f, communicating with a steam distributing pipe g which extends along the inner side of the mantle e and has outlet openings h for the steam. For leading off the condensed water an outlet pi e t is provided, the inner end of which is p aced at a distance above the base (I, so that on the latter will rest a layer of water of corresponding depth. In order to prevent the steam from issuing through the outlet pipe i a screen If secured to the mantle e is arranged above the inner end of the said pipe "L and extends down into the water on the base (1 so as to form a waterseal constituting a reliable hindrance against the out-flow of the steam. In order to prevent the steam flowing in through the openings h from coming into contact with the water on the base (1 a conical screen or the like, Z may be provided below the steam distributing pipe g.

Around the mantle e is provided another mantle m having double walls and constituting a second heating element. The mantles e and m form between them a passage for theliquid to be heated, and the lower end of the mantle m is at a distance from the base (1, as is shown in the drawing. Around the mantle m is provided a third mantle n which likewise has double walls and constitutes a third heatin element resting on the frame 0. The conicaImantles m and n form between them a space which at the bottom communicates with the space or passage between the mantles m and 6. Finally a mantle 0 is provided around the mantle n, the said mantle 0 inclosing an insulating layer of air and being secured to the frame 0 in any convenient manner. Connected to the bottom of the mantle 0 is a valved pipe f through which sediment may be drawn off when occasion demands.

Through the walls of all the mantles is inserted a valve casing p the valve p of which is provided with a handle 19", and has an opening g through which the steam can flow from the interior of the mantle e into the space between the walls of .the mantle m. The condensed water obtained in said space flows off through the pipe 1', the inner mouth of which is at a distance above the bottom of the said space so that in the latter also will rest a layer of condensed water which flows ofl accordin as it rises to the mouth of the pipe 1". In ont of the inner end of the latter is provided a screen 8 extending into the water so that here also is formed a water-seal preventing the steam from flowing off through the pipe 1".

Through the walls of the mantles 0 and n and the outer walls of the mantle m is inserted another valve-casing t, which preferably is arranged opposite the first mentioned. valve casing p. The valve t has an opening it through which the steam can pass from the space between thewalls of the mantle m into the space between the walls of the mantle n. From the last mentioned space the excess of steam together with condensed water flows off through an outlet pipe 02. An excess of steam should always :ass out through said pipe 4) in order to in ,icate to the operator that .the steam uniformly and continually passes through the apparatus.

The liquid is admitted through a hopper :v, connected to a receiver 2, and in the receiver may be provided a float y for regulating the admission of the liquid to the receiver. The operation of the float y is well known from centrifugal separators where similar floats are used. The stem of said float enters the outlet end of a supply ipe "g As the liquid rises in the receiver .2 tlie float y is raised and throttles the mouth of the supply pipe to a greater or less extent, thereby regulating the admission of the liquid to the said receiver.

The base of the hopper 00 consists of two perforated lates the upper one of which is movable. he perforations of the said plates correspond to each other so that by movin the upper plate, which may be accomplishe by means of two arms a connected to said late, the perforations of the lower plate may be more or less covered or uncovered whereby a smaller or larger quantity of liquid will be admitted to the apparatus. The heated li uid flows up into an annular holder 0 from which it flows off through a pipe or spout (P.

The mantles of the apparatus may easily be removed one after the other if the ap aratus is to be cleansed or repaired, am the valve-casings holding the mantles together are so constructed that they can be easily taken to pieces according as the mantles are to be removed.

Having now described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. In a liquid heating ap aratus the combination, of a number of eating elements placed one around the other and forming between them a liquid passage of V-sha ed vertical cross-section, t e said heating e ements being tapering upwards'so as to give the inletandoutlet-ends of the said liquid passage a small extension in horizontal direction, and connections between said heating elements, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a liquid heating ap aratus the combination, of a number of lieating elements laced one around the other and formin etween them a liquid assage of V-shapeil vertical cross-section, tlie sald heating elements being tapering upwards so as to give the inletandoutlet-ends of the said liquid passage a small extension in horizontal direction, connections between said heating elements, outlets on the latter for the condensed water, and water-seals closing the said outlets, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALEXANDER THEODOR PFEIFF.

Witnesses:

EVARD DELMAR, JOHN DELMAR. 

